Name:
حجاج بن أرطاة بن ثور بن هبيرة بن شراحيل بن كعب بن سلامان بن عامر بن
حارثة بن سعد بن مالك النخعى أبو أرطاة الكوفى القاضى
Hajjaaj
bin Artaat bin Thawr bin Hubayrah bin Sharaaheel bin Ka’b bin Salamaan bin
Aamir bin Haarithah bin Sa’d bin Maalik an-Nakha’ee Abu Artaat al-Koofi
al-Qaadhi
Tabaqah: 7-
From the Major Taba Taabi’een
Death: 145
H in Khurasaan
Narrated by:
Bukhaari in al-Adab al-Mufrad – Muslim – Abu Dawood – Tirmidhi – Nasaa’ee – Ibn
Maajah
Teachers:
Al-Hakam bin Utaybah, Simaak bin Harb, Ataa bin Abi Ribaah, Ikrimah Mawla Ibn
Abbaas, Amr bin Shu’ayb, Abu Ishaaq as-Sabi’ee, Qataadah bin Da’aamah, Ibn
Shihaab az-Zuhri, Makhool ash-Shaami, Naafi Mawla Ibn Umar, and many others
Students:
Ismaa’eel bin Ayyaash, Hafs bin Ghiyaath, Hammaad bin Salamah, Sufyaan
ath-Thawree, Shu’bah bin al-Hajjaaj, Abdullah bin al-Mubaarak, Abdullah bin
Numayr, Abdur Rahmaan al-Muhaarbi, Abdur Razzaaq bin Hammaam as-Sana’aani, Qays
bin Sa’d al-Makki, Yazeed bin Haaroon and many others.
Status: Da’eef,
Mudallis
Opinions of Ahl ul-Jarh wat Ta’deel:
The Decision of Jumhoor:
1- Haafidh Nawawi said: “There is agreement on his being a
Mudalli, and he has been declared weak by the Jumhoor, thus they do not take
evidence from him, (however) Shu’bah and a few people have authenticated him”
[Tahdheeb
al-Asmaa wal Lughaat: 1/153]
2- Haafidh al-Iraaqi said: “He has been weakened by the Jumhoor”
[Tarh
at-Tathreeb: 3/42]
3- Haafidh Dhahabi said: “Hajjaaj bin Artaat is not taken
evidence from, according to the Jumhoor”
[Meezaan al-I’tidaal:
4/296]
4- Haafidh Ibn al-Mulaqqin said: “The Jumhoor of Ulama is upon
the weakness of Hajjaaj”
[Al-Badar
al-Muneer by Ibn al-Mulaqqin: 6/68]
5- Haafidh Ibn Hajar said: “Verily the Majority is upon his Tad’eef,
and there is a unanimous agreement on his being a Mudallis”
[Al-Talkhees
al-Habeer: 2/226]
6- Allaamah ash-Shawkaani said: “The Majority is upon the Tad’eef
of Hajjaaj, and they unanimously agreed upon his being a Mudallis”
[Nayl
al-Awtaar: 3/245]
Those who criticized him:
1- Imaam Ahmed bin Hanbal was asked if the hadeeth of Hajjaaj bin
Artaat can be taken as evidence or not? He replied: “No”
[Ad-Du’afa
al-Kabeer lil Ukaylee: 1/280, Chain Hasan]
He also said: “He
is Mudtarib ul-Hadeeth”
[Al-Jarh wat
Ta’deel by Ibn Abi Haatim: 3/155, Chain Saheeh]
2- Ahmed bin Yoonus said: “(Imaam) Zaa’idah bin Qudaamah would
not narrate from Hajjaaj, he had abandoned his hadeeth”
[Al-Jarh wat
Ta’deel: 3/155, Chain Hasan]
3- Imaam Ali ibn al-Madeeni said that he heard Yahya bin Sa’eed
al-Qattaan saying: “Hajjaaj bin Artaat and Muhammad bin Ishaaq are both
equal according to me. I have deliberately abandoned Hajjaaj and I did not
write a single narration from him”
[Al-Jarh wat
Ta’deel: 3/155, Chain Saheeh]
4- Imaam Yahya ibn Ma’een said: “He is truthful, (however) not
strong (in hadeeth). He used to narrate from Amr bin Shu’ayb while committing
tadlees from Muhammad bin Ubaydullah al-Arzami”
[Al-Jarh wat
Ta’deel: 3/156, Chain Saheeh]
He also said: “He
is Da’eef”
[Taareekh
Baghdaad: 8/230, Chain Saheeh]
He also said: “Hajjaaj
bin Artaat is not Strong, and he is similar (in weakness) to Ibn Abi Layla and
Mujaalid”
[Al-Jarh wat
Ta’deel: 3/156, Chain Saheeh]
He also said: “Evidence
is not taken from his hadeeth”
[Al-Jarh wat
Ta’deel: 3/156]
5- Imaam Ya’qoob bin Shaybah said: “He is truthful, (but) there
is Idtiraab in his hadeeth”
[Taareekh
Baghdaad: 8/230, Chain Saheeh]
6- Imaam Nasaa’ee said: “He is Da’eef, evidence is not taken
from his hadeeth”
[Sunan
al-Nasaa’ee: 4986]
7- Imaam Ibn Adee said: “People have only accused him of doing
tadlees from Az-Zuhri and others, and he sometimes would err in some
narrations, as for lying deliberately then he did not do that, and he is among
those whose narrations are written down (for Mutaabi’aat and Shawaahid)”
[Al-Kaamil by
Ibn Adee: 2/229]
8- Imaam ad-Daaraqutni said: “He is Da’eef”
[Sunan
ad-Daaraqutni: 3/207, 2504]
9- Imaam Ibraaheem bin Ya’qoob al-Juzjaani said: “Hajjaaj bin
Artaat used to narrate from those people whom he had not met such as: Zuhri
etc. Thus his hadeeth is to be checked upon”
[Ahwaal
ur-Rijaal: 100]
10-
Imaam Ismaa’eel
al-Qaadhi said: “He is Mudtarib ul-Hadeeth because of his abundance in
hadeeth narration”
[Tahdheeb
at-Tahdheeb by Ibn Hajar: 2/174]
11-
Muhammad bin Nasr said:
“His hadeeth is dominated with Irsaal, Tadlees, and the alteration of words”
[Tahdheeb
at-Tahdheeb by Ibn Hajar: 2/174]
12-
Imaam Ibn Sa’d said: “He
is Da’eef in hadeeth”
[Tabaqaat
al-Kubra la Ibn Sa’d: 6/359]
13-
Haafidh Bayhaqi has
also declared him “Da’eef”
[Al-Sunan
al-Kubra lil Bayhaqi: 8/298]
14-
Haafidh Ibn Abdil Barr
said: “He is not Strong”
[Al-Tamheed by
Ibn Abdil Barr: 2/90]
15-
Haafidh Ibn Hazm said: “He
is Da’eef”
[Al-Muhalla by
Ibn Hazm: 11/454]
16-
Haafidh Ibn Abdil Haadi
writes: “He is not taken evidence from”
[Tanqeeh
al-Tahqeeq by Ibn Abdil Haadi: 1619]
17-
Haafidh Ibn Katheer has
also called him “Da’eef”
[Al-Bidaayah
wal Nihaayah: 4/347]
18-
Haafidh al-Iraaqi [Takhreej
Ahaadeeth al-Ihyaa: 7/367]
19-
Haafidh Dhahabi [Siyar A’laam
al-Nabula: 5/]
20-
Haafidh Ibn Hajar [Talkhees
al-Habeer: 2/260]
21-
Haafidh Ibn al-Mulaqqin
[Al-Badar al-Muneer: 1/729]
22-
Haafidh Zayla’ee
al-Hanafi [Nasb ur-Raya: 1/92]
23-
Imaam Ibn Abi al-Izz
al-Hanafi [Al-Tanbeeh Ala Mushkilaat al-Hidaayah: 4/189]
24-
Mughaltaai al-Hanafi [Sharh
Ibn Maajah: 762]
25-
Haafidh Suyooti [Al-Shumayal
ash-Shareefah: 162] have also declared Hajjaaj bin Artaat to be a “Weak”
narrator.
Abu Mu’aawiyah ad-Dareer
narrates that Hajjaaj bin Artaat said to us: “Don’t demand for Sama’ from me”
[Al-Majroheen by Ibn Hibbaan:
1/227, Chain Saheeh]
This proves that Hajjaaj bin
Artaat was a big time Mudallis.
Those who praised him:
1- Imaam Abu Zur’ah ar-Raazi said: “He is truthful, Mudallis”
[Al-Jarh wat
Ta’deel by Ibn Abi Haatim: 3/156]
2- Imaam Abu Haatim ar-Raazi said: “Hajjaaj bin Artaat is
truthful, he commits tadlees from weak narrators, write his narrations, and
when he says, Haddathana, then he is Saalih; his truthfulness and memorization
can not be ignored when he affirms his hearing, and evidence is not taken from
him”
[Al-Jarh wat
Ta’deel: 3/156]
3- Imaam Hammaad bin Zayd said: “Hajjaaj bin Artaat is more big
of a narrator than Sufyaan ath-Thawree”
[Al-Jarh wat
Ta’deel: 3/156, Chain Saheeh]
4- Imaam Shu’bah said: “It is necessary upon you to hold firm to
Hajjaaj bin Artaat and Muhammad bin Ishaaq”
[Al-Jarh wat
Ta’deel: 3/155, Chain Saheeh]
5- Ibn Abi Najeeh said: “There has not come from you anyone like
him”
[Al-Ma’rifah
wal Taareekh lil Fasawi: 2/803]
6- Imaam al-Ijlee said: “Jaaiz ul-Hadeeth, the people have only
accused him of Tadlees”
[Taareekh
ath-Thiqaat lil Ijlee: 107]
7- Haafidh Khaleeli said: “Aalim Thiqah, he has been weakened
for his tadlees”
[Al-Irshaad
lil Khaleeli: 1/19]
8- Haafidh Bazzaar said about one of his hadeeth that: “We do
not know of any better chain than this”
[Kashf
al-Astaar: 2/92]
9- Imaam Ibn Khuzaymah said: “I do not taken evidence from him
except that in which he says Haddathana or Sami’tu (i.e. affirms his hearing)”
[Tahdheeb
at-Tahdheeb by Ibn Hajar: 2/196]
10-
Imaam Abu Awaanah has
authenticated him by authenticating his hadeeth.
11-
Imaam Haakim declared
one of his hadeeth to be “Saheeh ul-Isnaad”
[Mustadrak
al-Haakim: 2/500]
12-
Haafidh Dhahabi writes
that Imaam Tirmidhi sometimes acts leniently and authenticates the hadeeth of
Ibn Artaat, and this is not right.
[Siyar A’laam
al-Nabula: 7/72]
Conclusion:
Hajjaaj bin Artaat is a Da’eef
narrator according to the Jumhoor, and a Mudallis with consensus.
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