Name:
شريك بن عبد الله بن أبى شريك النخعى ، أبو عبد الله الكوفى القاضى (
بواسط ثم الكوفة ، أدرك زمان عمر بن عبد العزيز )
Shareek
bin Abdullah bin Abi Shareek an-Nakha’ee, Abu Abdullah al-Koofi al-Qaadhi (in
Waasit then al-Koofah, he caught the era of Umar bin Abdul Azeez)
Tabaqah:
8 - From the middle level of Taba Taabi'een
Born: 95 H
Death: 177
or 178 H in Koofah
Narrated by:
Al-Bukhaari in Ta'leeq form –
Muslim –
Abu Dawood –
Tirmidhi –
Nasaa'ee –
Ibn Maajah
Teachers: Aasim
bin Bahdalah, Aasim bin Kulayb, Aasim bin Sulemaan al-Ahwal, Aasim bin
Ubaydullah, Abdul Azeez bin Rufay’, Abdul Kareem bin Maalik al-Jazri, Abdullah
bin Abi Jameelah at-Tahoori, Abdullah bin Eesa bin Abdur Rahmaan bin Abi Layla,
Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Aqeel, Abdullah bin Muslim bin Hurmuz al-Makki,
Abdullah bin Shareek al-Aamri, Abdullah bin Shubrumah, Abdullah bin Yazeed
an-Nakha’ee, Abi Sakhrah Jaami bin Shaddaad, Abu Abdullah Salamah bin Tammaam
Ash-Shaqri, Abu Ishaaq Amr bin Abdullah as-Sabi’ee, Ajlah bin Abdullah bin
Hujayyah, Al-’Alaa bin Abdul Kareem, Al-Hajjaaj bin Artaat, Amr bin Maymoon bin
Mihraan al-Jazri, Asha’th bin Abi ash-Sha’tha, Asha’th bin Sawaar, Ataa bin
as-Saa’ib, Dawood bin Ali bin Abdullah bin Abbaas bin Abdul Muttalib, Habeeb
bin Abi Thaabit, Habeeb bin Zayd al-Ansaari, Hilaal bin Abi Humayd, Hishaam bin
Urwah, Ibraaheem bin Muhaajir, Ibraaheem bin Muslim al-Abdi, Ismaa’eel bin Abi
Khaalid, Ismaa’eel bin Muslim al-Makki, Jaabir bin Yazeed al-Ju’fi, Jaami bin
Abi Raashid, Layth bin Abi Sulaym, Mansoor bin al-Mu’tamir, Maymoon Abu Hamzah
Al-A’war, Muhammad bin Abdur Rahmaan bin Abi Layla, Muhammad bin Ishaaq bin
Yasaar, Salamah bin Kuhayl, Shu’bah bin al-Hajjaaj, Simaak bin Harb, Sulemaan al-A’mash,
Talhah bin Yahya bin Talhah bin Ubaydullah, Ya’la bin Ataa at-Taa’ifi, Yahya
bin Abi Hayyah, Yahya bin Haani al-Muraadi, Yahya bin Sa’eed bin Qays
al-Ansaari, Yazeed bin Abi Ziyaad and others.
Students: Ibraaheem
bin Sa’d az-Zuhri, Ibraaheem bin Mahdi, Ishaaq bin Abi Israa’eel, Ismaa’eel bin
Abaan al-Warraaq, Ismaa’eel bin Moosa al-Fazaari, Bishr bin al-Waleed al-Kindi,
Thaabit bin Moosa, Jubaarah bin al-Mughallis, Haatim bin Ismaa’eel al-Madani,
Abu Usaamah Hammaad bin Usaamah, Abu Tawbah Rabee’ bin Naafi al-Halabi,
Zakariyyah bin Adee, Abu Qutaybah Salm bin Qutaybah, Abu Dawood Sulemaan bin
Dawood at-Tiyaalsi, Abu ar-Rabee’ Sulemaan bin Dawood az-Zahraani, Shurayh bin
Maslamah, Abdullah bin Saalih al-Ijlee, Abdullah bin al-Mubaarak, Abu Bakr Abdullah
bin Muhammad bin Abi Shaybah, Abdur Rahmaan bin Shareek bin Abdullah
an-Nakha’ee, Abdur Rahmaan bin Mahdi, Uthmaan bin Hakeem al-Awdi, Uthmaan bin
Muhammad bin Abi Shaybah, Ali bin al-Ja’d al-Johari, Abu Nu’aym al-Fadl bin
Dukayn, Qutaybah bin Sa’eed, Muhammad bin Ishaaq bin Yasaar (he is also from
his Shuyookh), Hishaam bin Abdul Malik at-Tiyaalsi, Wakee’ bin al-Jarraah,
Yahya bin Aadam, Yahya bin Abi Bukayr al-Karmaani, Yahya bin Sa’eed al-Qattaan,
Ya’qoob bin Ibraaheem bin Sa’d az-Zuhri, Yoonus bin Muhammad al-Mu’addab, and
others.
Status:
Sadooq Hasan ul-Hadeeth, Mukhtalat
Opinions of Ahl ul-Jarh wat Ta’deel:
Those who criticized him:
1-
Imaam
Ali bin Abdullah al-Madeeni (D. 234) said, I heard Yahya bin Sa’eed
al-Qattaan (D. 120) saying:
“قَدِمَ
شَرِيكٌ مَكَّةَ، فَقِيلَ لِي آتِهِ، فَقُلْتُ: لَوْ كَانَ بَيْنَ يَدَيَّ مَا
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ، وَضَعَّفَ يَحْيَى حَدِيثَهُ جِدًّا”
“Shareek came to Makkah, thus I was told about his arrival, so I
said: Even if he were to be in front of me, I would not ask him about anything
– and Yahya severely weakened his hadeeth”
[
Ad-Du'afa al-Kabeer by al-Ukaylee (2/193, Chain Saheeh)]
2-
Imaam
Ibraaheem bin Sa’eed al-Johari (D. 249) said:
“أخطأ
شَرِيك في أربع مِئَة حديث”
“Shareek erred in four hundred narrations”
[
Al-Kaamil by Ibn Adee (5/12), Chain Saheeh]
3-
Imaam
Ibraaheem bin Ya’qoob al-Juzjaani (D. 259) said:
“شريك
بن عبد الله سيء الحفظ مضطرب الحديث مائل”
“Shareek bin Abdullah is weak in memory, Mudtarib in Hadeeth,
crooked”
[
Ahwaal ur-Rijaal by al-Juzjaani (1/150)]
4-
Imaam
Abu Zur’ah ar-Raazi (D. 264) said:
“كان
كثير الحديث صاحب وهم، يغلط أحيانا”
“He was Katheer ul-Hadeeth, he had errors, and he would often
make mistakes”
[
Al-Jarh wat Ta'deel by Ibn Abi Haatim (4/367)]
When Abu
Zur’ah was told that Shareek narrated Baatil narrations in Waasit, so he said: “Do not say (they were) Baatil”
[
Al-Jarh wat Ta'deel by Ibn Abi Haatim (4/367)]
Note:
This means that the mistakes of Shareek were not that severe according to Imaam
Abu Zur’ah.
5-
Imaam
Abu al-Hasan ad-Daaraqutni (D. 385) said:
“وَشَرِيكٌ
لَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ فِيمَا يَتَفَرَّدُ بِهِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ”
“Shareek is not strong in which he is alone, wallahu a’lam”
[
Sunan ad-Daaraqutni (2/150 H. 1307)]
6-
Imaam
Abu Bakr al-Bayhaqi (D. 458) said:
“وَشَرِيكٌ مِمَّنْ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ فِيمَا يُخَالِفُهُ فِيهِ
أَهْلُ الْحِفْظِ وَالثِّقَةُ لِمَا ظَهَرَ مِنْ سُوءِ حِفْظِهِ”
“Shareek is among those Hujjah is not taken from whom, in which
he opposes the people of Memory and Reliability because of what appeared from
his weak memory”
[
Ma’rifat us-Sunan wal Athaar by Al-Bayhaqi (12/388 # 17115)]
7-
Haafidh
Ibn Hazm al-Andalusi (D. 456) accused him of lying and fabricating.
[
Taareekh al-Islaam by Dhahabi (9/109)]
Haafidh
Dhahabi answered him saying:
“وَهَذَا
جَهْلٌ مِنِ ابْنِ حَزْمٍ، فَإِنَّ هَذَا الشَّيْخَ مِمَّنِ اتَّفَقَ
الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ عَلَى الاحْتِجَاجِ بِهِ”
“This is an ignorance of Ibn
Hazm, for verily this Shaykh is among those who is agreed upon to take hujjah
from by Bukhaari and Muslim”
[
Taareekh al-Islaam by Dhahabi (9/109)]
8-
Haafidh
Ibn Hajar al-Asqalaani (D. 852) said:
“صدوق يخطىء كثيرا تغير حفظه منذ ولي القضاء بالكوفة وكان عادلا
فاضلا عابدا شديدا على أهل البدع”
“He is Sadooq, makes a lot of mistakes, his memory got
deteriorated from the time he was appointed as Judge in Koofah; and he was
Just, righteous, worshipper, strict upon the people of innovation”
[
Taqreeb at-Tahdheeb by Ibn Hajar (1/266)]
Note:
Haafidh Ibn Hajar is most likely talking about his condition after his
Ikhtilaat by his saying “He makes a lot of Mistakes” because in Tabaqaat
ul-Mudalliseen, he said about Shareek that: “He
is one of the Thabat (Thiqah) narrators” and then he mentioned his
Ikhtilaat.
[Tabaqaat
al-Mudalliseen with Fath ul-Mubeen (P. 44)]
·
It is said that
Imaam
Abdullah bin al-Mubaarak (D. 181) said:
“ليس حديثه بشَيْءٍ”
“His hadeeth is nothing”
[
Al-Kaamil by Ibn Adee (5/11)]
However, the
chain of this narration is Da’eef as it contains more than one Majhool and
unclear narrators. Moreover, it contradicts the praise of Imaam Ibn al-Mubaarak
mentioned below.
Those who praised him:
1-
Imaam
Amr bin Ali al-Fallaas (D. 249) said:
“كَانَ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ لَا يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ شَرِيكٍ، وَلَا
عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ، وَكَانَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْهُمَا”
“Yahya bin Sa’eed (al-Qattaan) would not narrate from Shareek
nor from Israa’eel, and Abdur Rahmaan (bin Mahdi) would narrate from both of
them”
[
Ad-Du'afa al-Kabeer by al-Ukaylee (2/193, Chain Saheeh); Al-Jarh wat Ta’deel
by Ibn Abi Haatim (4/365, Chain Saheeh)]
Benefits:
·
The narration of Abdur
Rahmaan bin Mahdi from Shareek means that he was Thiqah according to him,
because Abdur Rahmaan would not narrate except from those who are Thiqah
according to him.
The similar
thing was also narrated by Muhammad bin al-Muthanna
[Same]
2-
Imaam
Abdullah bin al-Mubaarak (D. 181) said:
“شريك أعلم بحديث الكوفيين من سفيان الثوري”
“Shareek is the more knowledgeable about the hadeeth of Koofis
than Sufyaan ath-Thawree”
[
Al-Jarh wat Ta'deel by Ibn Abi Haatim (4/366, Chain Saheeh)]
3-
Imaam
Eesa bin Yoonus as-Sabi’ee (D. 187) said:
“ما رأيت أحدا قط أورع في علمه من شريك”
“I have never seen anyone more devout in his knowledge than
Shareek”
[
Al-Jarh wat Ta'deel by Ibn Abi Haatim (4/366, Chain Saheeh)]
4-
Imaam
Ahmed bin Hanbal (D. 241) was asked about the narration of Shareek
from Abu Ishaaq, so he said:
“كان ثبتاً فيه”
“He is Thabat (Thiqah) in it”
[
Al-Ilal wa Ma'rifat ur-Rijaal by Ahmed, narrated by Abdullah (348)]
In another
narration, Imaam Ahmed said:
“كَانَ
عَاقِلًا صَدُوقًا مُحَدِّثًا عِنْدِي، وَكَانَ شَدِيدًا عَلَى أَهْلِ الرِّيَبِ
وَالْبِدَعِ، قَدِيمَ السَّمَاعِ مِنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَبْلَ زُهَيْرٍ وَقَبْلَ
إِسْرَائِيلَ”
“(Shareek) was intelligent,
truthful, and a Muhaddith according to me, and he was strict on the people of
doubt and innovation. His samaa from Abu Ishaaq is ancient, even before than
Zuhayr and Israa’eel”
[Ad-Du’afa al-Kabeer (2/193), Chain Saheeh]
5-
Imaam
Yahya bin Ma’een (D. 233) said:
“شريك ثقة من يسأل عنه؟”
“Shareek is Thiqah, who questions about him?”
[
Al-Jarh wat Ta'deel by Ibn Abi Haatim (4/367, Chain Saheeh)]
Imaam Ibn
Ma’een was asked: “Who is more beloved to you in narrating from Abu Ishaaq:
Shareek? or Israa’eel?” He replied: “Shareek is
more beloved to me and he is superior”
[
Al-Jarh wat Ta'deel by Ibn Abi Haatim (4/367, Chain Saheeh)]
In another
narration, Imaam Ibn Ma’een was asked: “Is Shareek more beloved to you in
narrating from Mansoor or Abu al-Ahwas?” He replied: “Shareek is more knowledgeable in it”
[
Al-Jarh wat Ta'deel by Ibn Abi Haatim (4/367, Chain Saheeh)]
6-
Imaam
Muhammad bin Ismaa’eel al-Bukhaari (D. 256) authenticated his hadeeth
saying:
“هُوَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ، وَقَالَ: لَا أَعْرِفُهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي
إِسْحَاقَ، إِلَّا مِنْ رِوَايَةِ شَرِيكٍ”
“This hadeeth is Hasan. I do not it from the hadeeth of Abu
Ishaaq except from the narration of Shareek”
[
Sunan at-Tirmidhi (H. 1366)]
7-
Imaam
Muhammad bin Sa’d (D. 230) said:
“وَكَانَ شَرِيكٌ ثِقَةً مَأْمُونًا كَثِيرَ الْحَدِيثِ وَكَانَ
يَغْلَطُ كَثِيرًا”
“Shareek was Thiqah Ma’moon Katheer ul-Hadeeth, and he erred a
lot (i.e. after his Ikhtilaat)”
[
Tabaqaat al-Kubra by Ibn Sa'd (6/356)]
8-
Imaam
Abu al-Hasan al-Ijlee (D. 261) said:
“ثِقَة وَكَانَ حسن الحَدِيث”
“He was Thiqah and he was Hasan ul-Hadeeth”
[
Ath-Thiqaat by al-Ijlee (1/453)]
9-
Imaam
Abu Haatim ar-Raazi (D. 275) was asked by his son about Shareek and
Abu al-Ahwas, as to which of the two is more beloved to you? He said:
“شريك أحب إلي شريك صدوق، وهو أحب إلي من أبي الأحوص وقد كان له
أغاليط”
“Shareek is more beloved to me. Shareek is Sadooq. And he is
more beloved to me than Abu al-Ahwas, and he (also) has some mistakes”
[
Al-Jarh wat Ta'deel by Ibn Abi Haatim (4/367)]
10-
Imaam
Abu Eesa at-Tirmidhi (D. 279) authenticated his hadeeth saying:
“هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ لَا نَعْرِفُهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي
إِسْحَاقَ إِلَّا مِنْ هَذَا الوَجْهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شَرِيكِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ”
“This hadeeth is Hasan Ghareeb; we do not know it from the
hadeeth of Abu Ishaaq except through this route of Shareek bin Abdullah”
[
Sunan at-Tirmidhi (H. 1366)]
11-
Imaam Abu Ishaaq
al-Harbi (D. 285) said in his Taareekh:
“كان ثقة”
“He was Thiqah”
[From Ikmaal Tahdheeb al-Kamaal (6/247)]
12-
Imaam
Al-Nasaa’ee (D. 303) said in his book “Al-Jarh wat Ta’deel”:
“ليس به بأس”
“There is nothing wrong in him”
[
From Ikmaal Tahdheeb al-Kamaal (6/248)]
13-
Imaam
Ibn Khuzaymah (D. 311) authenticated his hadeeth in his Saheeh
[See,
Saheeh Ibn Khuzaymah (H. 437, 533, 626, 629, 646, 1215, 1432, 1807, 2057,
2140, 2516, 3046, 3047)]
14-
Imaam
Abu Bakr al-Bazzaar (D. 313) authenticated the hadeeth of Shareek
saying:
“إِسْنَاد حسن”
“The chain is Hasan”
[
Musnad al-Bazzaar with reference from Bayaan al-Wahem wal- Ayhaam (3/293)]
15-
Imaam
Ibn Hibbaan (D. 354) authenticated his hadeeth in his Saheeh
[See,
Saheeh Ibn Hibbaan (H. 226, 550, 954, 996, 1006, 1290, 1387, 1405, 1430, 1505,
1508, 1912, 2514, 3083, 3093, 3095, 3215, 3768, 4078, 4090, 4260, 4370, 4384,
4410, 4743, 5120, 5169, 5195, 5442, 5461, 5579, 5593, 5756, 5781, 5783, 6294,
6295, 6311, 6433, 7056, 7335, 7489)]
Imaam Ibn
Hibbaan also mentioned him in Ath-Thiqaat
[6/444 T.
8507]
16-
Imaam
Abu Hafs Umar bin Shaaheen (D. 385) mentioned him in Ath-Thiqaat
[
T. 522]
17-
Imaam
Abu Ahmed bin Adee al-Jarjaani (D. 365) said:
“والغالب على حديثه الصحة والاستواء”
“His narrations are dominated with Authentic and Straight
narrations”
[
Al-Kaamil by Ibn Adee (5/35)]
18-
Imaam
Abu Abdullah al-Haakim al-Neesaaboori (D. 405) authenticated his
hadeeth saying:
“هَذَا حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ مُسْلِمٍ”
“This hadeeth is Saheeh upon the conditions of Muslim”
[
Al-Mustadrak Ala as-Saheehayn by al-Haakim (H. 4072, 5563, 8478 also See:
4633, 7569) and Dhahabi followed him]
In Taareekh
Neesaaboor, Imaam Haakim said:
“وشريك أحد
أركان الفقه والحديث”
“Shareek is one of the pillars
of Fiqh and Hadeeth”
[From Ikmaal Tahdheeb al-Kamaal (6/247)]
19-
Imaam al-Jarh wat Ta'deel
Shams ud-Deen adh-Dhahabi (D. 748) said:
“كان شريك حسن الحديث إماما فقيها ومحدثا مكثرا”
“Shareek is Hasan ul-Hadeeth, an Imaam, a Faqeeh, a Muhaddith,
and Mukaththir (in narrating ahadeeth)”
[
Tadhkirat al-Huffaadh by Dhahabi (1/170)]
He also said:
“وَكَانَ
مِنْ كِبَارِ الفُقَهَاءِ”
“He was among the Major Fuqaha”
[Siyar A’laam al-Nabula (7/247)]
In al-Meezaan, he said:
“الحافظ الصادق أحد الأئمة”
“Al-Haafidh al-Saadiq, one of the A’immah”
[Meezaan
al-I’tidaal (2/270)]
Imaam Dhahabi also mentioned him
in his book “Man Takallam Feehi Wahuwa Mawthaq” (1/99 T. 159)
20-
Haafidh
Noor ud-Deen al-Haythami (D. 807) said about one of his hadeeth:
“وَفِيهِ شَرِيكُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّخَعِيُّ، وَهُوَ ثِقَةٌ”
“And it contains Shareek bin Abdullah al-Nakha’ee, and he is
Thiqah”
[
Majma az-Zawaaid by Al-Haythami (3/211; also see, 9/123 where he said: He is
Hasan ul-Hadeeth)]
21-
Haafidh
Shihaab ud-Deen al-Busayri (D. 840) authenticated the hadeeth of
Shareek and said:
“هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ رُوَاتُهُ ثِقَاتٌ”
“The narrators of this chain are Thiqah”
[
Ittihaaf al-Khayrah (6/43)]
Note: Tadlees is not proven from Imaam Shareek.
Shareek al-Qaadhi and
Ikhtilaat
Shareek bin Abdullah had his
memory deteriorated after he was appointed on the position of Judge, and he was
appointed as a Judge of Koofah in 155 H
1- Imaam Shareek bin Abdullah himself said:
“إني لأسمع
الكلمة فيتغير لها بولي”
“I would forget the speech
that I had heard, by the time I was appointed as a Judge”
[Ath-Thiqaat by Al-Ijlee (1/220), Chain Saheeh]
2- After mentioning: Ishaaq al-Azraq, Abbaad bin al-Awwaam, and
Yazeed bin Haaroon, who narrated from Shareek in Waasit from his book, Imaam
Ahmed said: “The samaa of these people from him
is Saheeh”
[Su’alaat Abu
Dawood (1/321)]
3- Imaam Ibn Hibbaan (D. 354) said:
“كَانَ فِي
آخر أمره يخطىء فِيمَا يروي تغير عَلَيْهِ حفظه فسماع الْمُتَقَدِّمين عَنهُ
الَّذين سمعُوا مِنْهُ بواسط لَيْسَ فِيهِ تَخْلِيط مثل يزِيد بن هَارُون
وَإِسْحَاق الْأَزْرَق وَسَمَاع الْمُتَأَخِّرين عَنهُ بِالْكُوفَةِ فِيهِ
أَوْهَام كَثِيرَة”
“He made mistakes at the end
of his age in what he narrated; his memory had deteriorated, thus there is no
deterioration in the samaa of his early students who heard from him in Waasit
such as Yazeed bin Haaroon, Ishaaq al-Azraq; while the samaa of his later
students who narrated from him in Koofah has a lot of errors”
[Ath-Thiqaat by Ibn Hibbaan (6/444)]
4- Haafidh Abu al-Hasan Ibn al-Qattaan said:
“وَجُمْلَة
أمره أَنه صَدُوق، ولي الْقَضَاء فَتغير محفوظه فَمن سمع مِنْهُ قبل ذَلِك
فَحَدِيثه صَحِيح”
“And the summary of his matter
is that he is Sadooq, he was appointed as a Judge thus he was afflicted with
deterioration of memory, so whoever listened from him before that then his
hadeeth is Saheeh”
[Bayaan al-Wahem wal-Ayhaam (3/295)]
5- Haafidh Ibn Hajar al-Asqalaani said:
“ولما ولي
القضاء تغير حفظه”
“His memory deteriorated when
he was appointed as a Judge”
[Tabaqaat al-Mudalliseen (P. 44)]
Conclusion:
The Hadeeth of Imaam Shareek bin
Abdullah al-Qaadhi does not drop from the level of Hasan as long as he narrates
it before his Ikhtilaat.
Wallahu a’lam
