Shareek bin Abdullah al-Qaadhi

Name:

شريك بن عبد الله بن أبى شريك النخعى ، أبو عبد الله الكوفى القاضى ( بواسط ثم الكوفة ، أدرك زمان عمر بن عبد العزيز )

Shareek bin Abdullah bin Abi Shareek an-Nakha’ee, Abu Abdullah al-Koofi al-Qaadhi (in Waasit then al-Koofah, he caught the era of Umar bin Abdul Azeez)

Tabaqah: 8 - From the middle level of Taba Taabi'een

Born: 95 H

Death: 177 or 178 H in Koofah

Narrated by: Al-Bukhaari in Ta'leeq form – Muslim – Abu Dawood – Tirmidhi – Nasaa'ee – Ibn Maajah

Teachers: Aasim bin Bahdalah, Aasim bin Kulayb, Aasim bin Sulemaan al-Ahwal, Aasim bin Ubaydullah, Abdul Azeez bin Rufay’, Abdul Kareem bin Maalik al-Jazri, Abdullah bin Abi Jameelah at-Tahoori, Abdullah bin Eesa bin Abdur Rahmaan bin Abi Layla, Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Aqeel, Abdullah bin Muslim bin Hurmuz al-Makki, Abdullah bin Shareek al-Aamri, Abdullah bin Shubrumah, Abdullah bin Yazeed an-Nakha’ee, Abi Sakhrah Jaami bin Shaddaad, Abu Abdullah Salamah bin Tammaam Ash-Shaqri, Abu Ishaaq Amr bin Abdullah as-Sabi’ee, Ajlah bin Abdullah bin Hujayyah, Al-’Alaa bin Abdul Kareem, Al-Hajjaaj bin Artaat, Amr bin Maymoon bin Mihraan al-Jazri, Asha’th bin Abi ash-Sha’tha, Asha’th bin Sawaar, Ataa bin as-Saa’ib, Dawood bin Ali bin Abdullah bin Abbaas bin Abdul Muttalib, Habeeb bin Abi Thaabit, Habeeb bin Zayd al-Ansaari, Hilaal bin Abi Humayd, Hishaam bin Urwah, Ibraaheem bin Muhaajir, Ibraaheem bin Muslim al-Abdi, Ismaa’eel bin Abi Khaalid, Ismaa’eel bin Muslim al-Makki, Jaabir bin Yazeed al-Ju’fi, Jaami bin Abi Raashid, Layth bin Abi Sulaym, Mansoor bin al-Mu’tamir, Maymoon Abu Hamzah Al-A’war, Muhammad bin Abdur Rahmaan bin Abi Layla, Muhammad bin Ishaaq bin Yasaar, Salamah bin Kuhayl, Shu’bah bin al-Hajjaaj, Simaak bin Harb, Sulemaan al-A’mash, Talhah bin Yahya bin Talhah bin Ubaydullah, Ya’la bin Ataa at-Taa’ifi, Yahya bin Abi Hayyah, Yahya bin Haani al-Muraadi, Yahya bin Sa’eed bin Qays al-Ansaari, Yazeed bin Abi Ziyaad and others.

Students: Ibraaheem bin Sa’d az-Zuhri, Ibraaheem bin Mahdi, Ishaaq bin Abi Israa’eel, Ismaa’eel bin Abaan al-Warraaq, Ismaa’eel bin Moosa al-Fazaari, Bishr bin al-Waleed al-Kindi, Thaabit bin Moosa, Jubaarah bin al-Mughallis, Haatim bin Ismaa’eel al-Madani, Abu Usaamah Hammaad bin Usaamah, Abu Tawbah Rabee’ bin Naafi al-Halabi, Zakariyyah bin Adee, Abu Qutaybah Salm bin Qutaybah, Abu Dawood Sulemaan bin Dawood at-Tiyaalsi, Abu ar-Rabee’ Sulemaan bin Dawood az-Zahraani, Shurayh bin Maslamah, Abdullah bin Saalih al-Ijlee, Abdullah bin al-Mubaarak, Abu Bakr Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Abi Shaybah, Abdur Rahmaan bin Shareek bin Abdullah an-Nakha’ee, Abdur Rahmaan bin Mahdi, Uthmaan bin Hakeem al-Awdi, Uthmaan bin Muhammad bin Abi Shaybah, Ali bin al-Ja’d al-Johari, Abu Nu’aym al-Fadl bin Dukayn, Qutaybah bin Sa’eed, Muhammad bin Ishaaq bin Yasaar (he is also from his Shuyookh), Hishaam bin Abdul Malik at-Tiyaalsi, Wakee’ bin al-Jarraah, Yahya bin Aadam, Yahya bin Abi Bukayr al-Karmaani, Yahya bin Sa’eed al-Qattaan, Ya’qoob bin Ibraaheem bin Sa’d az-Zuhri, Yoonus bin Muhammad al-Mu’addab, and others.

Status: Sadooq Hasan ul-Hadeeth, Mukhtalat

Opinions of Ahl ul-Jarh wat Ta’deel:

Those who criticized him:

1-    Imaam Ali bin Abdullah al-Madeeni (D. 234) said, I heard Yahya bin Sa’eed al-Qattaan (D. 120) saying:

“قَدِمَ شَرِيكٌ مَكَّةَ، فَقِيلَ لِي آتِهِ، فَقُلْتُ: لَوْ كَانَ بَيْنَ يَدَيَّ مَا سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ، وَضَعَّفَ يَحْيَى حَدِيثَهُ جِدًّا”

“Shareek came to Makkah, thus I was told about his arrival, so I said: Even if he were to be in front of me, I would not ask him about anything – and Yahya severely weakened his hadeeth”

[ Ad-Du'afa al-Kabeer by al-Ukaylee (2/193, Chain Saheeh)]

2-    Imaam Ibraaheem bin Sa’eed al-Johari (D. 249) said:

“أخطأ شَرِيك في أربع مِئَة حديث”

“Shareek erred in four hundred narrations”

[ Al-Kaamil by Ibn Adee (5/12), Chain Saheeh]

3-    Imaam Ibraaheem bin Ya’qoob al-Juzjaani (D. 259) said:

“شريك بن عبد الله سيء الحفظ مضطرب الحديث مائل”

“Shareek bin Abdullah is weak in memory, Mudtarib in Hadeeth, crooked”

[ Ahwaal ur-Rijaal by al-Juzjaani (1/150)]

4-    Imaam Abu Zur’ah ar-Raazi (D. 264) said:

“كان كثير الحديث صاحب وهم، يغلط أحيانا”

“He was Katheer ul-Hadeeth, he had errors, and he would often make mistakes”

[ Al-Jarh wat Ta'deel by Ibn Abi Haatim (4/367)]

When Abu Zur’ah was told that Shareek narrated Baatil narrations in Waasit, so he said: “Do not say (they were) Baatil”

[ Al-Jarh wat Ta'deel by Ibn Abi Haatim (4/367)]

Note: This means that the mistakes of Shareek were not that severe according to Imaam Abu Zur’ah.

5-    Imaam Abu al-Hasan ad-Daaraqutni (D. 385) said:

“وَشَرِيكٌ لَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ فِيمَا يَتَفَرَّدُ بِهِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ”

“Shareek is not strong in which he is alone, wallahu a’lam”

[ Sunan ad-Daaraqutni (2/150 H. 1307)]

6-    Imaam Abu Bakr al-Bayhaqi (D. 458) said:

“وَشَرِيكٌ مِمَّنْ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ فِيمَا يُخَالِفُهُ فِيهِ أَهْلُ الْحِفْظِ وَالثِّقَةُ لِمَا ظَهَرَ مِنْ سُوءِ حِفْظِهِ”

“Shareek is among those Hujjah is not taken from whom, in which he opposes the people of Memory and Reliability because of what appeared from his weak memory”

[ Ma’rifat us-Sunan wal Athaar by Al-Bayhaqi (12/388 # 17115)]

7-    Haafidh Ibn Hazm al-Andalusi (D. 456) accused him of lying and fabricating.

[ Taareekh al-Islaam by Dhahabi (9/109)]

Haafidh Dhahabi answered him saying:

“وَهَذَا جَهْلٌ مِنِ ابْنِ حَزْمٍ، فَإِنَّ هَذَا الشَّيْخَ مِمَّنِ اتَّفَقَ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ عَلَى الاحْتِجَاجِ بِهِ”

“This is an ignorance of Ibn Hazm, for verily this Shaykh is among those who is agreed upon to take hujjah from by Bukhaari and Muslim”

[ Taareekh al-Islaam by Dhahabi (9/109)]

8-    Haafidh Ibn Hajar al-Asqalaani (D. 852) said:

“صدوق يخطىء كثيرا تغير حفظه منذ ولي القضاء بالكوفة وكان عادلا فاضلا عابدا شديدا على أهل البدع”

“He is Sadooq, makes a lot of mistakes, his memory got deteriorated from the time he was appointed as Judge in Koofah; and he was Just, righteous, worshipper, strict upon the people of innovation”

[ Taqreeb at-Tahdheeb by Ibn Hajar (1/266)]

Note: Haafidh Ibn Hajar is most likely talking about his condition after his Ikhtilaat by his saying “He makes a lot of Mistakes” because in Tabaqaat ul-Mudalliseen, he said about Shareek that: “He is one of the Thabat (Thiqah) narrators” and then he mentioned his Ikhtilaat.

[Tabaqaat al-Mudalliseen with Fath ul-Mubeen (P. 44)]

·        It is said that Imaam Abdullah bin al-Mubaarak (D. 181) said:

“ليس حديثه بشَيْءٍ”

“His hadeeth is nothing”

[ Al-Kaamil by Ibn Adee (5/11)]

However, the chain of this narration is Da’eef as it contains more than one Majhool and unclear narrators. Moreover, it contradicts the praise of Imaam Ibn al-Mubaarak mentioned below.

Those who praised him:

1-    Imaam Amr bin Ali al-Fallaas (D. 249) said:

“كَانَ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ لَا يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ شَرِيكٍ، وَلَا عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ، وَكَانَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْهُمَا”

“Yahya bin Sa’eed (al-Qattaan) would not narrate from Shareek nor from Israa’eel, and Abdur Rahmaan (bin Mahdi) would narrate from both of them”

[ Ad-Du'afa al-Kabeer by al-Ukaylee (2/193, Chain Saheeh); Al-Jarh wat Ta’deel by Ibn Abi Haatim (4/365, Chain Saheeh)]

Benefits:

·        The narration of Abdur Rahmaan bin Mahdi from Shareek means that he was Thiqah according to him, because Abdur Rahmaan would not narrate except from those who are Thiqah according to him.

The similar thing was also narrated by Muhammad bin al-Muthanna

[Same]

2-    Imaam Abdullah bin al-Mubaarak (D. 181) said:

“شريك أعلم بحديث الكوفيين من سفيان الثوري”

“Shareek is the more knowledgeable about the hadeeth of Koofis than Sufyaan ath-Thawree”

[ Al-Jarh wat Ta'deel by Ibn Abi Haatim (4/366, Chain Saheeh)]

3-    Imaam Eesa bin Yoonus as-Sabi’ee (D. 187) said:

“ما رأيت أحدا قط أورع في علمه من شريك”

“I have never seen anyone more devout in his knowledge than Shareek”

[ Al-Jarh wat Ta'deel by Ibn Abi Haatim (4/366, Chain Saheeh)]

4-    Imaam Ahmed bin Hanbal (D. 241) was asked about the narration of Shareek from Abu Ishaaq, so he said:

“كان ثبتاً فيه”

“He is Thabat (Thiqah) in it”

[ Al-Ilal wa Ma'rifat ur-Rijaal by Ahmed, narrated by Abdullah (348)]

In another narration, Imaam Ahmed said:

“كَانَ عَاقِلًا صَدُوقًا مُحَدِّثًا عِنْدِي، وَكَانَ شَدِيدًا عَلَى أَهْلِ الرِّيَبِ وَالْبِدَعِ، قَدِيمَ السَّمَاعِ مِنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَبْلَ زُهَيْرٍ وَقَبْلَ إِسْرَائِيلَ”

“(Shareek) was intelligent, truthful, and a Muhaddith according to me, and he was strict on the people of doubt and innovation. His samaa from Abu Ishaaq is ancient, even before than Zuhayr and Israa’eel”

[Ad-Du’afa al-Kabeer (2/193), Chain Saheeh]

5-    Imaam Yahya bin Ma’een (D. 233) said:

“شريك ثقة من يسأل عنه؟”

“Shareek is Thiqah, who questions about him?”

[ Al-Jarh wat Ta'deel by Ibn Abi Haatim (4/367, Chain Saheeh)]

Imaam Ibn Ma’een was asked: “Who is more beloved to you in narrating from Abu Ishaaq: Shareek? or Israa’eel?” He replied: “Shareek is more beloved to me and he is superior”

[ Al-Jarh wat Ta'deel by Ibn Abi Haatim (4/367, Chain Saheeh)]

In another narration, Imaam Ibn Ma’een was asked: “Is Shareek more beloved to you in narrating from Mansoor or Abu al-Ahwas?” He replied: “Shareek is more knowledgeable in it”

[ Al-Jarh wat Ta'deel by Ibn Abi Haatim (4/367, Chain Saheeh)]

6-    Imaam Muhammad bin Ismaa’eel al-Bukhaari (D. 256) authenticated his hadeeth saying:

“هُوَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ، وَقَالَ: لَا أَعْرِفُهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، إِلَّا مِنْ رِوَايَةِ شَرِيكٍ”

“This hadeeth is Hasan. I do not it from the hadeeth of Abu Ishaaq except from the narration of Shareek”

[ Sunan at-Tirmidhi (H. 1366)]

7-    Imaam Muhammad bin Sa’d (D. 230) said:

“وَكَانَ شَرِيكٌ ثِقَةً مَأْمُونًا كَثِيرَ الْحَدِيثِ وَكَانَ يَغْلَطُ كَثِيرًا”

“Shareek was Thiqah Ma’moon Katheer ul-Hadeeth, and he erred a lot (i.e. after his Ikhtilaat)”

[ Tabaqaat al-Kubra by Ibn Sa'd (6/356)]

8-    Imaam Abu al-Hasan al-Ijlee (D. 261) said:

“ثِقَة وَكَانَ حسن الحَدِيث”

“He was Thiqah and he was Hasan ul-Hadeeth”

[ Ath-Thiqaat by al-Ijlee (1/453)]

9-    Imaam Abu Haatim ar-Raazi (D. 275) was asked by his son about Shareek and Abu al-Ahwas, as to which of the two is more beloved to you? He said:

“شريك أحب إلي شريك صدوق، وهو أحب إلي من أبي الأحوص وقد كان له أغاليط”

“Shareek is more beloved to me. Shareek is Sadooq. And he is more beloved to me than Abu al-Ahwas, and he (also) has some mistakes”

[ Al-Jarh wat Ta'deel by Ibn Abi Haatim (4/367)]

10-          Imaam Abu Eesa at-Tirmidhi (D. 279) authenticated his hadeeth saying:

“هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ لَا نَعْرِفُهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ إِلَّا مِنْ هَذَا الوَجْهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شَرِيكِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ”

“This hadeeth is Hasan Ghareeb; we do not know it from the hadeeth of Abu Ishaaq except through this route of Shareek bin Abdullah”

[ Sunan at-Tirmidhi (H. 1366)]

11-          Imaam Abu Ishaaq al-Harbi (D. 285) said in his Taareekh:

“كان ثقة”

“He was Thiqah”

[From Ikmaal Tahdheeb al-Kamaal (6/247)]

12-          Imaam Al-Nasaa’ee (D. 303) said in his book “Al-Jarh wat Ta’deel”:

“ليس به بأس”

“There is nothing wrong in him”

[ From Ikmaal Tahdheeb al-Kamaal (6/248)]

13-          Imaam Ibn Khuzaymah (D. 311) authenticated his hadeeth in his Saheeh

[See, Saheeh Ibn Khuzaymah (H. 437, 533, 626, 629, 646, 1215, 1432, 1807, 2057, 2140, 2516, 3046, 3047)]

14-          Imaam Abu Bakr al-Bazzaar (D. 313) authenticated the hadeeth of Shareek saying:

“إِسْنَاد حسن”

“The chain is Hasan”

[ Musnad al-Bazzaar with reference from Bayaan al-Wahem wal- Ayhaam (3/293)]

15-          Imaam Ibn Hibbaan (D. 354) authenticated his hadeeth in his Saheeh

[See, Saheeh Ibn Hibbaan (H. 226, 550, 954, 996, 1006, 1290, 1387, 1405, 1430, 1505, 1508, 1912, 2514, 3083, 3093, 3095, 3215, 3768, 4078, 4090, 4260, 4370, 4384, 4410, 4743, 5120, 5169, 5195, 5442, 5461, 5579, 5593, 5756, 5781, 5783, 6294, 6295, 6311, 6433, 7056, 7335, 7489)]

Imaam Ibn Hibbaan also mentioned him in Ath-Thiqaat

[6/444 T. 8507]

16-          Imaam Abu Hafs Umar bin Shaaheen (D. 385) mentioned him in Ath-Thiqaat

[ T. 522]

17-          Imaam Abu Ahmed bin Adee al-Jarjaani (D. 365) said:

“والغالب على حديثه الصحة والاستواء”

“His narrations are dominated with Authentic and Straight narrations”

[ Al-Kaamil by Ibn Adee (5/35)]

18-          Imaam Abu Abdullah al-Haakim al-Neesaaboori (D. 405) authenticated his hadeeth saying:

“هَذَا حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ مُسْلِمٍ”

“This hadeeth is Saheeh upon the conditions of Muslim”

[ Al-Mustadrak Ala as-Saheehayn by al-Haakim (H. 4072, 5563, 8478 also See: 4633, 7569) and Dhahabi followed him]

In Taareekh Neesaaboor, Imaam Haakim said:

“وشريك أحد أركان الفقه والحديث”

“Shareek is one of the pillars of Fiqh and Hadeeth”

[From Ikmaal Tahdheeb al-Kamaal (6/247)]

19-          Imaam al-Jarh wat Ta'deel Shams ud-Deen adh-Dhahabi (D. 748) said:

“كان شريك حسن الحديث إماما فقيها ومحدثا مكثرا”

“Shareek is Hasan ul-Hadeeth, an Imaam, a Faqeeh, a Muhaddith, and Mukaththir (in narrating ahadeeth)”

[ Tadhkirat al-Huffaadh by Dhahabi (1/170)]

He also said:

“وَكَانَ مِنْ كِبَارِ الفُقَهَاءِ”

“He was among the Major Fuqaha”

[Siyar A’laam al-Nabula (7/247)]

In al-Meezaan, he said:

“الحافظ الصادق أحد الأئمة”

“Al-Haafidh al-Saadiq, one of the A’immah”

[Meezaan al-I’tidaal (2/270)]

Imaam Dhahabi also mentioned him in his book “Man Takallam Feehi Wahuwa Mawthaq” (1/99 T. 159)

20-          Haafidh Noor ud-Deen al-Haythami (D. 807) said about one of his hadeeth:

“وَفِيهِ شَرِيكُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّخَعِيُّ، وَهُوَ ثِقَةٌ”

“And it contains Shareek bin Abdullah al-Nakha’ee, and he is Thiqah”

[ Majma az-Zawaaid by Al-Haythami (3/211; also see, 9/123 where he said: He is Hasan ul-Hadeeth)]

21-          Haafidh Shihaab ud-Deen al-Busayri (D. 840) authenticated the hadeeth of Shareek and said:

“هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ رُوَاتُهُ ثِقَاتٌ”

“The narrators of this chain are Thiqah”

[ Ittihaaf al-Khayrah (6/43)]

Note: Tadlees is not proven from Imaam Shareek.

Shareek al-Qaadhi and Ikhtilaat

Shareek bin Abdullah had his memory deteriorated after he was appointed on the position of Judge, and he was appointed as a Judge of Koofah in 155 H

1-    Imaam Shareek bin Abdullah himself said:

“إني لأسمع الكلمة فيتغير لها بولي”

“I would forget the speech that I had heard, by the time I was appointed as a Judge”

[Ath-Thiqaat by Al-Ijlee (1/220), Chain Saheeh]

2-    After mentioning: Ishaaq al-Azraq, Abbaad bin al-Awwaam, and Yazeed bin Haaroon, who narrated from Shareek in Waasit from his book, Imaam Ahmed said: “The samaa of these people from him is Saheeh”

[Su’alaat Abu Dawood (1/321)]

3-    Imaam Ibn Hibbaan (D. 354) said:

“كَانَ فِي آخر أمره يخطىء فِيمَا يروي تغير عَلَيْهِ حفظه فسماع الْمُتَقَدِّمين عَنهُ الَّذين سمعُوا مِنْهُ بواسط لَيْسَ فِيهِ تَخْلِيط مثل يزِيد بن هَارُون وَإِسْحَاق الْأَزْرَق وَسَمَاع الْمُتَأَخِّرين عَنهُ بِالْكُوفَةِ فِيهِ أَوْهَام كَثِيرَة”

“He made mistakes at the end of his age in what he narrated; his memory had deteriorated, thus there is no deterioration in the samaa of his early students who heard from him in Waasit such as Yazeed bin Haaroon, Ishaaq al-Azraq; while the samaa of his later students who narrated from him in Koofah has a lot of errors”

[Ath-Thiqaat by Ibn Hibbaan (6/444)]

4-    Haafidh Abu al-Hasan Ibn al-Qattaan said:

“وَجُمْلَة أمره أَنه صَدُوق، ولي الْقَضَاء فَتغير محفوظه فَمن سمع مِنْهُ قبل ذَلِك فَحَدِيثه صَحِيح”

“And the summary of his matter is that he is Sadooq, he was appointed as a Judge thus he was afflicted with deterioration of memory, so whoever listened from him before that then his hadeeth is Saheeh”

[Bayaan al-Wahem wal-Ayhaam (3/295)]

5-    Haafidh Ibn Hajar al-Asqalaani said:

“ولما ولي القضاء تغير حفظه”

“His memory deteriorated when he was appointed as a Judge”

[Tabaqaat al-Mudalliseen (P. 44)]

Conclusion:

The Hadeeth of Imaam Shareek bin Abdullah al-Qaadhi does not drop from the level of Hasan as long as he narrates it before his Ikhtilaat.

Wallahu a’lam