Sunday, January 20, 2013

Qataadah bin Di’aamah al-Basari




Name:
قَتَادَةُ بنُ دِعَامَةَ بنِ قَتَادَةَ بنِ عَزِيْزٍ السَّدُوْسِيُّ أَبُو الخَطَّابِ البَصْرِيُّ

Qataadah bin Di’aamah bin Qataadah bin Azeez as-Sadoosi, Abu al-Khattaab al-Basari

Birth: 60 or 61 H

Tabaqah: 4 – From the level next to the Middle level of Taabi’een

Death: 100 and some H in Waasit

Narrated by: Bukhaari – Muslim – Abu Dawood – Tirmidhi – Nasaa’ee – Ibn Maajah

Teachers: Anas bin Maalik, Hasan al-Basari, Humayd bin Abdur Rahmaan bin Awf, Sa’eed bin al-Musayyab, Shahr bin Hawshab, Aamir ash-Sha’bee, Abdullah bin Buraydah, Ataa bin Abi Ribaah, Ikrimah Mawla Ibn Abbaas, Amr bin Deenaar, Amr bin Shu’ayb, Muhammad bin Sireen, Abu Ishaaq as-Sabi’ee, and many others.

Students: Ayyoob as-Sakhtiyaani, Hajjaaj bin Artaat, Humayd at-Ta’weel, Hammaad bin Salamah, Sa’eed bin Abi Aroobah, Sulemaan al-A’mash, Shu’bah bin al-Hajjaaj, Abdur Rahmaan bin Amr al-Awzaa’ee, Layth bin Sa’d, and many others.

Status: Thiqah Thabat, & Mudallis – The narration of Shu’bah from him is Saheeh even if he narrates with An.

Opinions of Ahl ul-Jarh wat Ta’deel:

1-    Imaam Bukhaari narrated about 278 narrations from him in his Saheeh

2-    Imaam Muslim narrated about 298 narrations from him in his Saheeh

3-    Imaam Ibn Sa’d said: “He is Thiqah Ma’moon, Hujjah in Hadeeth”
[Tabaqaat Ibn Sa’d: 6/229]

4-    Amr bin Abdullah said: Qataadah entered upon Sa’eed ibn al-Musayyab for a few days and he would ask him abundant questions (about narrations etc) so Sa’eed once said to him: “Have you memorized everything that you asked from me?” He replied: “Yes, I asked you about such and such and you answered with such and such, and I asked you about such and such and you answered with such and such, and Hasan answered with such and such” until he repeated several ahadeeth to him. (Imaam) Sa’eed said: “I could not imagine that Allaah has even created a person like you!”
[Tabaqaat Ibn Sa’d: 7/230, Chain Hasan]

5-    Imaam Bakr bin Abdullah al-Muzani said: “Whoever wishes to see the biggest Haafidh of his time then he should look at Qataadah, thus we did not meet anyone a bigger Haafidh than him”
[Hilyat al-Awliya: 2/333, Al-Jarh wat Ta’deel: 7/133, Chain Saheeh]

6-    Imaam Ibn Sireen said: “Qataadah is the biggest Haafidh of all people”
[Al-Jarh wat Ta’deel: 7/134, Chain Saheeh]

7-    Imaam Yahya bin Sa’eed al-Qattaan said: “Qataadah was a Haafidh, whenever he heard something he would secure it.”
[Al-Jarh wat Ta’deel: 7/134, Chain Saheeh]

8-    Imaam Abdur Rahmaan bin Mahdi was asked about Humayd at-Ta’weel (Thiqah Imaam), so he replied: “Qataadah is a bigger Haafidh than fifty (50) people like Humayd combined”
[Al-Jarh wat Ta’deel: 7/134, Chain Saheeh – Imaam Abu Haatim said, Ibn Mahdi has said the truth]

9-    Imaam Abu Haatim ar-Raazi said that: “I heard (Imaam) Ahmed bin Hanbal mentioning Qataadah; he used to praise the knowledge, Fiqh, Ma’rifah al-Ikhtilaaf (the awareness of differences), Tafseer, and Memory of Qataadah”. And he said, “There are many few who would exceed from Qataadah, as for similar to him then it is possible.”
[Al-Jarh wat Ta’deel: 7/134-135, Chain Saheeh]

10-          Imaam Yahya ibn Ma’een said: “He is Thiqah”
[Al-Jarh wat Ta’deel: 7/135, Chain Saheeh]

Imaam ad-Daarimi once asked Imaam Yahya ibn Ma’een that: “Is Zuhri more beloved to you in narrating from Sa’eed bin al-Musayyab or Qataadah?” He replied: “Both of them”
[Taareekh Ibn Ma’een, narrated by ad-Daarimi: T. 16]

11-          Imaam Abu Haatim ar-Raazi said: “The most frequent (in narrating) among the companions of Hasan (al-Basari) is Qataadah, and the most firm of the companions of Anas is Zuhri then Qataadah”
[Al-Jarh wat Ta’deel: 7/135]

12-          Imaam Abu Zur’ah ar-Raazi said: “Qataadah is the best of all companions of Hasan (al-Basari)”
[Al-Jarh wat Ta’deel: 7/135]

13-          Imaam Al-Ijlee said: “He is Thiqah” [Thiqaat: 45].

14-          Imaam Ibn Hibbaan mentioned him in his book of Thiqah narrators and said: “He is from the Scholars of people in Qur’aan and Fiqh, and he is from the Huffaadh of his time…”
[5/322]

15-          Imaam Daaraqutni said: “He is Thiqah” [Al-Tatabbu’: 492]

16-          Haafidh Nawawi said: “There is a unanimous consensus on his greatness, trustworthiness, memory, austereness, and his virtues”
[Tahdheeb al-Asmaa wal Lughaat: 2/57]

17-          Imaam Dhahabi said: “He is Haafidh ul-Asr, He is the leader of Mufassireen and Muhadditheen”
[Siyar A’laam al-Nabula: 5/269-270]

He also said: “He is Hujjah with consensus (Ijmaa) when he affirms his hearing”
[Siyar A’laam al-Nabula: 5/271]

18-          Ibn Hajar said: “He is Thiqah Thabat” [Taqreeb]

Maraaseel Qataadah

Imaam Qataadah is also known to commit a lot of Irsaal. As Haafidh al-‘Alaa’ee said: “He is frequent in doing Irsaal”
[Jaami at-Tahseel: 1/254]

He would narrate from some people whom he did not meet; therefore, his narration from those people is Mursal and Munqati’. The list of the narrators from whom his hadeeth is considered Mursal, is as follows.

1-    Bishr bin al-Muhtafir al-Basari

Imaam Bukhaari said: “He did not meet Bishr bin al-Muhtafir”
[Taareekh al-Kabeer by al-Bukhaari: Vol. 2 T. 1752]

2-    Habeeb bin Saalim al-Ansaari, Mawla al-Nu’maan bin Basheer

Imaam Yahya ibn Ma’een said: “Qataadah has narrated from Habeeb bin Saalim, but I do not think he met him”
[Taareekh Ibn Ma’een by ad-Dauri: Vol. 2 T. 3583]

3-    Humayd bin Abdur Rahmaan bin Awf

Imaam Yahya bin Sa’eed al-Qattaan said, Shu’bah or other than him said: “Qataadah did not hear from Humayd bin Abdur Rahmaan”
[Al-Maraaseel by Ibn Abi Haatim: 170]

The same was narrated by Ishaaq bin Mansoor from Yahya bin Ma’een
[Al-Maraaseel: 171]

4-    Zahdam bin Mudarrib al-Azdi al-Jarmi, Abu Muslim al-Basari

Imaam Bukhaari said: “I am not aware of the sama of Qataadah from Zahdam al-Jarmi”
[Tarteeb Ilal at-Tirmidhi al-Kabeer: P. 75]

5-    Sulemaan bin Qays al-Yashkari

Imaam Yahya ibn Ma’een said: “Qataadah did not hear from Ibraaheem an-Nakha’ee and Sulemaan al-Yashkari”
[Taareekh Ibn Ma’een, narrated by ad-Dauri: 2/484]

Imaam Bukhaari said: “He did not hear from Sulemaan al-Yashkari”
[Tarteeb Ilal at-Tirmidhi al-Kabeer: P. 54]

6-    Sulemaan bin Yasaar

Harb bin Ismaa’eel narrated from Imaam Ahmed bin Hanbal that: “Qataadah did not hear from Sulemaan bin Yasaar, there is the link of Abu al-Khaleel between them”
[Al-Maraaseel: 171]

Ishaaq bin Mansoor asked Imaam Yahya ibn Ma’een whether Qataadah heard from Sulemaan bin Yasaar or not? He replied: “No”
[Al-Maraaseel: 172]

7-    Sinaan bin Salamah bin al-Muhabbiq al-Hudhali

Ibn al-Junayd said to Yahya ibn Ma’een that Yahya bin Sa’eed al-Qattaan claimed that Qataadah did not hear from Sinaan bin Salamah… so Imaam Yahya ibn Ma’een replied: “And who is doubting it, Qataadah did not hear from him neither did he meet him”
[Su’aalaat Ibn al-Junayd: P. 20]

8-    Aamir bin Sharaaheel ash-Sha’bee

Imaam Ya’qoob bin Sufyaan al-Faarsi said: “Qataadah neither heard from Sa’eed bin Jubayr nor from Ash-Sha’bee”
[Al-Ma’rifah wal Taareekh: 2/124]

Imaam Yahya ibn Ma’een said: “He (i.e. Qataadah) went to Sha’bee to seek knowledge from him, but he did not find him”
[Taareekh ad-Dauri: 2/484]

9-    Abdullah bin Buraydah

Imaam Bukhaari said: “The sama of Qataadah is not known from Abu Buraydah”
[Taareekh al-Kabeer by al-Bukhaari: Vol. 4 T. 1797]

Imaam Abu Haatim ar-Raazi said: “Qataadah did not hear from any Sahaabi except Anas and Abdullah bin Sarjis”
[Al-Maraaseel: 175]

Imaam Ahmed bin Hanbal said: “I do not know of Qataadah narrating from any Sahaabi except Anas radiallah anhu” It was said: “What about Ibn Sarjis?” as if he thought that he did not hear from him.
[Al-Maraaseel: 168]

10-          Mujaahid bin Jabar al-Makki

Imaam Yahya ibn Ma’een said: “He did not meet Sa’eed bin Jubayr, Mujaahid and Sulemaan bin Yasaar”
[Su’aalaat Ibn al-Junayd: P. 26]

Imaam Ya’qoob bin Sufyaan said: “Qataadah did not hear anything from Mujaahid”
[Al-Ma’rifah wal Taareekh: 2/124]

Imaam Ahmed bin Hanbal said: “Qataadah did not hear from Mujaahid, there is the link of Abu al-Khaleel between them”
[Al-Maraaseel: 171]

11-          Muslim bin Yasaar al-Basari al-Makki

Ishaaq bin Mansoor asked Imaam Yahya ibn Ma’een whether Qataadah heard from Muslim bin Yasaar or not, he replied: “No”
[Al-Maraaseel: 172]

12-          Yahya bin Ya’mar al-Basari

Imaam Ahmed bin Hanbal said: “Qataadah did not hear anything from Yahya bin Ya’mar”
[Al-Ma’rifah wal Taareekh: 2/141]

13-          Nufay’, Abu Raafi as-Saai’ al-Madani

Imaam Ahmed bin Hanbal said, Shu’bah (bin al-Hajjaaj) said: “Qataadah did not hear anything from Abu Raafi’” Imaam Ahmed said, between him and Abu Raafi’ is Halaas and Hasan
[Al-Ilal wa Ma’rifat ur-Rijaal: 1/188]

14-          Abu Sa’eed al-Khudri

Imaam Abdur Rahmaan bin Abi Haatim said, I heard my Father (Abu Haatim ar-Raazi) saying: “He did not meet anyone from the companions of the Prophet except Anas and Abdullah bin Sarjis” Imaam Ibn Abi Haatim said: “He did not mention Abu at-Tufayl because he was a child in the period of Prophet (peace be upon him)”
[Al-Jarh wat Ta’deel: Vol. 7 T. 756]

15-          Imraan bin Husayn

Imaam Abu al-Hajjaaj al-Mizzi said: “He did not hear from him”
[Tahdheeb al-Kamaal fi Asmaa ur-Rijaal lil Mizzi: 23/502]

16-          Abu Qilaabah al-Jarmi

Imaam Yahya ibn Ma’een said: “He did not hear from Abu Qilaabah; he only narrated from the Saheefah of Abu Qilaabah”
[Taareekh ad-Dauri: 2/484]

Imaam Ya’qoob bin Sufyaan said: “Qataadah did not hear anything from Abu Qilaabah”
[Al-Ma’rifah wal Taareekh: 2/124]

And the same was said by Imaam Ahmed bin Hanbal
[See, Al-Ma’rifah wal Taareekh: 2/141]

17-          Mu’aadhah bint Abdullah Al-Adawiyyah

Imaam Yahya ibn Ma’een said: “(The narration of) Qataadah from Abu Mu’aadhah is not Saheeh”
[Al-Maraaseel: 174]

18-          Abu al-Aaliyah, Rufay’ bin Mihraan ar-Riyaahi al-Basari

Imaam Shu’bah bin al-Hajjaaj said: “Qataadah did not hear from Abu al-Aaliyah except three narrations” Imaam Ali ibn al-Madeeni asked Yahya al-Qattaan to mention those narrations, so he said: “(1) The saying of Ali that Judges are of three types, (2) the hadeeth of Yoonus bin Matti (i.e. Prophet said, don’t say I am better than Yoonus), and (3) the hadeeth, there is no prayer after Asr”
[Al-Ma’rifah wal Taareekh: 2/148 & Muqaddimah Al-Jarh wat Ta’deel: 127]

19-          Tawoos bin Kaysaan

Haafidh Ibn Hajar said, that Al-Bazzaar said: “He neither heard from Tawoos nor Zuhri”
[Tahdheeb at-Tahdheeb: 8/355-356]

And the same is said for Abu Thumaamah ath-Thaqafi and Abu Abdullah al-Jadli
[Same]

Imaam Qataadah and Tadlees

Besides committing a lot of Irsaal, Imaam Qataadah bin Di’aamah also used to commit a lot of Tadlees

1-    While criticizing a hadeeth, Ameer ul-Mu’mineen fil hadeeth, Imaam Bukhari said: “Narrated by Hammaam from Qataadah from Abu Nadrah from Abu Sa’eed radiallah anhu… and Qataadah did not mention his sama (proof of hearing) in this hadeeth from Abu Nadrah”
[Juzz al-Qira’at: P. 30 H. 70]

This proves that Qataadah was proven to be a Mudallis according to Imaam Bukhaari.

2-    Haafidh Ibn Hibbaan mention him in Kitaab ath-Thiqaat and said: “And he used to commit Tadlees”
[5/322]

3-    Imaam al-Haakim said: “Despite his greatness, Qataadah used to commit Tadlees”
[Al-Mustadrak: 1/233]

4-    Haafidh Dhahabi said: “He (Qataadah) is Haafidh, Thiqah Thabat, but he was a Mudallis".
[Meezaan al-I’tidaal: 3/385]

5-    Imaam ad-Daaraqutni also declared Qataadah to be a Mudallis
[See, Al-Ilzaamaat wal Tatabbu: P. 263]

Besides these, the following Scholars also declared him a Mudallis:

6-    Haafidh Ibn Hajar [Tabaqaat al-Mudalliseen: 3/92]
7-    Allaamah al-Halabi [Al-Tabiyeen: 46]
8-    Abu Mahmood al-Maqdisi [Al-Qaseedah: 2]
9-    Haafidh al-Alaa’ee [Jaami at-Tahseel: P. 108]
10-          Al-Khazraji [Al-Khulaasah lil Khazraji: P. 315]
11-          Ibn as-Salaah al-Shahrazoori [Muqaddimah Ibn as-Salaah ma’ al-Taqiyeed wal Aydhaah: P. 99]
12-          Abu Zur’ah Ibn al-Iraaqi [Kitaab al-Mudalliseen: 49]
13-          As-Suyooti [Asmaa man Arafa bi’t-Tadlees: 43]
14-          Khateeb al-Baghdaadi [al-Kifaayah: P. 363]
15-          Al-Haakim [Ma’rifah Uloom al-Hadeeth P. 103]
16-          Al-Maardeeni [al-Johar al-Naqi: 2/498, 7/126]
17-          Al-Aynee [Umdat ul-Qaari: 1/261]
18-          Nawawi [Sharh Saheeh Muslim: 1/209, 172]
19-          And Ibn Abdil Barr [Al-Tamheed: 3/307] – Rahimahumullah

Whatever, Haafidh Ibn Hazm has written against this issue [Al-Ahkaam: 2/141, 142] is Mardood

Yahya bin Katheer al-Anbari said: “Shu’bah narrated to us a hadeeth of Qataadah which he narrated from Sa’eed bin Jubayr from Ibn Umar that the Prophet prohibited the Nabeedh of pitcher.” Shu’bah said to Qataadah: “Where did you hear it from?” He said: “Ayyoob as-Sakhtiyaani narrated it to me.” Shu’bah said: “So I went to Ayyoob and asked him about it, so he said: Abu Bishr has narrated it to me” Shu’bah said: “Then I went to Abu Bishr and asked him about it, so he said I heard this from Sa’eed bin Jubayr from Ibn Umar from the Prophet: that he prohibited the Nabeedh of Pitcher”
[Muqaddimah al-Jarh wat Ta’deel: P. 169, Chain Saheeh]

This narration clearly proves that Qataadah was a Mudallis. He has dropped two narrators from this chain.

The Narration of Shu’bah from Qataadah

Even though Qataadah was a Mudallis and his narration narrated with the expression “An” is Da’eef, but if the one narrating from Qataadah in a chain is “Shu’bah bin al-Hajjaaj” then his narration is authentic even if he narrated with “An”. This is because Imaam Shu’bah bin al-Hajjaaj only narrated those narrations from Qataadah which he directly heard from his Shuyookh.

Imaam Shu’bah himself has said: “I used to observe the mouth of Qataadah. Whenever he would say ‘Sami’tu (I heard)’ or ‘Haddathana (he narrated to us)’ then I would preserve it. And whenever he said: ‘Narrated so and so (without affirming his Sama’)’ then I would leave it”
[Muqaddimah al-Jarh wat Ta’deel: P. 169, Chain Saheeh]

This saying is also present in the following books with chain:

Saheeh Abu Awaanah [2/38], Kitaab al-Ilal wa Ma’rifat ur-Rijaal by Imaam Ahmed [2/228], Al-Muhaddith al-Faasil [P. 522, 523], Al-Tamheed by Ibn Abdil Barr [1/35], Al-Kifaayah lil Khateeb [P. 363], Taareekh Uthmaan bin Sa’eed ad-Daarimi An Yahya ibn Ma’een [P. 192 T. 703], Bayhaqi [Ma’rifat us-Sunan wal Athaar: 1/17]

Imaam Shu’bah bin al-Hajjaaj also said: “I am sufficient for you concerning the Tadlees of Three people: Al-A’mash, Abu Ishaaq, and Qataadah”
[Mas’alah at-Tasmiyah by Muhammad bin Taahir al-Maqdisi P. 47, Chain Saheeh]

Based on many other similar examples, Muhadditheen have declared Qataadah to be a Mudallis. Thus, his narration narrated with “An” is Da’eef until one finds the confirmation of Sama’, a reliable Mutaabi’, or if the one narrating from him is Shu’bah.


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